'مسلمانوں کے قتل عام میں برما کی فوج خاموش تماشائی'
انسانی حقوق کے بین الاقوامی ادارے ہیومن رائٹس واچ نے کہا ہے کہ برما میں روہینجا مسلمان قبائل اور بدھ مت کے پیروکاروں کے درمیان فسادات میں سرکاری فوج اور پولیس خاموش تماشائی بنی رہی اور اس دوران مسلمانوں کا قتل عام ہوا اور بڑے پیمانے پر مسلم خواتین کی آبروریزی کی گئی۔
ہیومن رائٹس واچ کے مطابق برما میں حکومتی اہلکاروں نےجون میں اقلتیی مسلمانوں کے خلاف تشدد کی مہم چلائی جس کے نتیجے میں برما میں فرقہ وارانہ فسادات پھوٹ پڑے۔
بننکاک میں نیوز کانفرنس کرتے ہوئے ہیومن رائٹس واچ کے ایشیا ڈویژن کے ڈپٹی ڈائریکٹر فل رابرٹسن نے بتایا کہ ابھی بھی برما کی حکومت رکھائین کے علاقے میں مسلمانوں کو ہراساں کررہی ہے۔
چھپن صفحات پر مشتمل اس رپورٹ کو جاری کرنے کا مقصد دنیا کی توجہ برما میں اقلیتی مسلمانوں کے خلاف جاری ریاستی تشدد کی جانب مبذول کروانا ہے۔ فل رابرٹسن کا کہنا ہے کہ برما کی حکومت نےامدادی کارکنوں اور صحافیوں کومتاثرہ علاقوں میں جانے کی اجازت نہیں دی۔
حکومتی اعدادوشمار کے مطابق اب تک برما کے مغربی علاقے میں تشدد کے واقعات میں اٹھہتر افراد مارے جاچکے ہیں۔ تاہم ہیومن رائٹس واچ نے حکومتی اعداد و شمار کو مسترد کر دیا ہے اور خدشہ ظاہر کیا ہے کہ ہلاکتوں کی تعداد اس سے کہیں زیادہ ہے۔
فل رابرٹسن کا کہنا تھا کہ جو بات مسلسل سامنے آ رہی ہے وہ یہ ہے کہ حکومت ابھی تک پر تشدد واقعات کو روکنے میں ناکام رہی اور یہی وجہ تھی کہ دونوں اطراف کے لوگوں نے اپنے دفاع کے لیے مسلح ہونا شروع کر دیا ہے۔ حکومت کے اندارزے کے مطابق اٹھہتر افراد پرتشدد واقعات میں ہلاک ہوئے جب ہم نے شواہد پر نظرڈالی تو ہمیں یہ معلوم ہوا کہ یہ اندازہ اصل ہلاکتوں کے مقابلے میں بہت کم ہے ہماری صرف چار شہادتوں کی مجموعی تعداد نوے تھی۔
رپورٹ برما اور بنگلہ دیش سے تعلق رکھنے والے ستاون افراد کے انٹرویوز پر مشتمل ہے۔ جن کے مطابق سیکورٹی اہلکاروں نے فسادات کے اقلیتی مسلمانوں کے تحفظ میں بالکل ناکام رہی۔
اقوام متحدہ نے ان واقعات کی تحقیقات کے لیے اپنا ایلچی برما روانہ کر دیا ہے۔ فل رابرٹسن نے مطالبہ کیا کہ برما اقوام متحدہ کے ایلچی کو تحقیقات کے لیے مکمل رسائی اور معلومات کے حصول کے لیے سہولتیں فراہم کرے۔
برما کے علاقے رکھائین میں فرقہ وارانہ فسادات مئی میں ایک بدھ مت کی پیروکار خاتون کے قتل کے بعد شروع ہوئے جس کے بعد مسلمانوں کی ایک بس کو آگ لگا دی گئی۔ فسادات کے دوران کئی مکان تباہ ہوئے اور ہزاروں افراد بے گھر۔ بدھ مت کے پیروکاروں کا کہنا ہے کہ فسادات کا آغاز مسلمانوں نے کیا۔ جبکہ برما کے صدر کے مطابق اس فرقہ وارنہ مسئلے کا ایک ہی حل ہے کہ یا تو مسلمانوں کو ملک بدر کیا جائے یا مہاجر کیمپوں میں منتقل کر دیا جائے۔
یہ دو ہفتوں کے دوران برما سے متعلق انسانی حقوق کے اداروں کی دوسری رپورٹ ہے۔ اس سے پہلے ایمنسٹی انٹرنیشنل بھی اس حوالے سے اپنی رپورٹ جاری کرچکا ہے۔ برما کی حکومت کے ترجمان نے رپورٹ کو بے بنیاد اور تعصب پر مبنی قرار دیا تھا۔
Burma: UN calls for inquiry over Rakhine violence
Thousands of Rakhine people are living in temporary accommodation after fleeing violence UN human rights chief Navi Pillay has called for an independent investigation following claims of abuses by security forces in Burma's Rakhine state.
Ms Pillay said forces sent to quash violence in the northern state were reported to be targeting Muslims.
The UN refugee agency (UNHCR) says about 80,000 people have been displaced following inter-communal violence.
The agency says most of those displaced are living in camps and more tents are being airlifted in to help them.
The latest violence in Rakhine state began in May when a Buddhist ethnic Rakhine woman was raped and murdered by three Muslims.
On 3 June, an unidentified mob killed 10 Muslims.
Ms Pillay's office says that since then at least 78 people have been killed in ensuing violence but unofficial estimates are higher.
"We have been receiving a stream of reports from independent sources alleging discriminatory and arbitrary responses by security forces, and even their instigation of and involvement in clashes," Ms Pillay, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said.
"Reports indicate that the initial swift response of the authorities to the communal violence may have turned into a crackdown targeting Muslims, in particular members of the Rohingya community."
She welcomed a government decision to allow a UN envoy access to Rakhine state next week, but said it was "no substitute for a fully-fledged independent investigation".
'Scared to return'The UNHCR says that about 80,000 people had been displaced in and around the towns of Sittwe and Maungdaw.
Spokesman Andrej Mahecic said that many were too scared to return home while others were being prevented from earning a living.
"Some displaced Muslims tell UNHCR staff they would also like to go home to resume work, but fear for their safety," he said.
Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi recently called for laws to protect the rights of ethnic minority groups.
In her first statement in parliament, she said such laws were important for Burma to become a truly democratic nation of mutual respect.
Burma has undergone a series of political reforms initiated by the military-backed government.
But some parts of the country are still hit by conflict and unrest, most recently Rakhine state.
Rohingyas recount terror of Burma clashes
Zohara Khatun says she and her family ran for their lives - her father was killed Zohara Khatun is still reeling from the trauma of seeing her father killed in western Burma in June.
"My father was shot dead by the Burmese military in front me. Our entire village was destroyed. We ran for our lives. I still don't know what happened to my mother," she said, sitting in a thatched hut in a fishing village near the town of Teknaf in south-eastern Bangladesh.
Ms Khatun is one of the Rohingya Muslims who have managed to cross into Bangladesh following the communal unrest in western Burma's Rakhine province.
The 30-year old broke down repeatedly as she tried to explain what happened over the border.
She says their village came under attack during clashes between majority Buddhists and local Muslims, mostly from the Rohingya minority. Nearly 80 people were killed in the fighting and thousands were displaced.
Human rights groups allege that Burmese security forces continue to carry out mass arrests, forcing many Rohingya Muslims to flee. A state of emergency declared last month is still in force in many places of the province.
UnwantedThere is no independent confirmation of the claims of extra-judicial killings and other abuses - journalists are denied access to the area. Burma denies its security forces are responsible for human rights abuses.
Background: Burma unrest
What sparked the violence in June?
The rape and murder of a young Buddhist woman in Rakhine in May, which set off a chain of deadly religious clashes.
Why was a state of emergency declared?
It allows the introduction of martial law, which means the military can take over administrative control of the region.
Who are the Rohingyas?
The United Nations describes them as a persecuted religious and linguistic minority from western Burma. The Burmese government, on the other hand, says they are relatively recent migrants from the Indian sub-continent. Neighbouring Bangladesh already hosts several hundred thousand refugees from Burma and says it cannot take any more.
shes, many hundreds of refugees have been trying to get into Bangladesh, taking perilous boat journeys along the Bay of Bengal and across the river Naf, which separates the two countries."We were floating on water for six days. I could not feed my children for days," Ms Khatun said.
"When we tried to reach Bangladesh, we were not allowed to enter. We did not know where to go."
There are an estimated 800,000 Rohingya Muslims living in western Burma. The Burmese authorities argue that the Rohingyas are recent migrants from the Indian sub-continent.
But Dhaka says they belong to Burma, so they are not welcome in Bangladesh either. Dhaka says there are already 400,000 Rohingyas living inside the country, most of them, it says illegally.
Bangladesh has pushed nearly 1,500 Rohingya Muslims back into Burma since June saying it cannot afford to help them.
Some - like the family of Zohara Khatun - have managed to get in. The Rohingyas who came recently have been living in hiding among Bangladeshi villagers. They are afraid that if the authorities come to know about them they will be sent back to Burma immediately.
Bangladeshi authorities say they are determined to stop the latest influx.
Lt Col Zahid Hasan of the Bangladeshi border guards showed me how his men have been patrolling the river Naf to prevent Rohingyas from crossing into the country.
"It is really putting a direct effect on our social stability as well as the economy. If this influx continues then the problem of stability will be at stake," Col Hasan said.
"Sometimes these Rohingya people are involved in drug trafficking, human trafficking and other anti-social activities which are really affecting the social stability in this area."
The Rohingyas deny such allegations.
'We belong to Burma'The refugees I spoke to accused Burmese security forces of turning a blind eye when their villages came under attack.
Sayeda Begum now has no husband and her children no father "My husband was killed in the riots. The Burmese police were shooting only at the Muslims, not the Buddhists. The military was just watching from the rooftop and they did not intervene," said Sayeda Begum, another Rohingya Muslim woman.
Rohingya Muslims have flocked to Bangladesh over the past 30 years, bringing with them tales of oppression and exclusion.
They are denied citizenship and land rights in Burma. Human rights groups say they are among the most persecuted minorities in the world.
But Bangladesh's refusal to allow in the recent wave of refugees has also attracted criticism.
"We understand it is not that easy. So we advocate with the government of Bangladesh to give at least temporary protection status to those arriving from Rakhine state of Myanmar [Burma]," said Dirk Hebecker, a senior official from the UN Refugee Agency in the Bangladeshi town of Cox's Bazaar.
The Rohingyas who crossed into Bangladesh in the past three decades have been living in camps along the border. The unofficial refugee camps have no running water, drainage or health facilities. The Rohingyas live in abject poverty and squalor in these camps.
Conditions in the unofficial Rohingya refugee camps are squalid The recent statement by Burmese President Thein Sein that the Rohingyas should be resettled in a third country has also added to the anxiety of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.
"We are concerned by the president's comments. We belong to Burma and we want to go back to our villages. It is difficult to live in refugee camps like this," said Ahmed Hossain, a Rohingya community leader in Kutupalong camp, near Cox's Bazaar.
"We are willing to go back to Burma only if our security and rights are guaranteed."
For years, Bangladesh has been urging the Burmese authorities to take back the Rohingya refugees living in various camps but without much success.
The latest crisis comes at a time when Burma is gradually moving towards democracy. But many here in Bangladesh argue that the process may not be complete unless the Rohingya issue is resolved.
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